Here is absolute proof that MCU Thor tanked the star sucking power of the Bifrost explosion, in base form:
The MCU states onscreen that the white dots outside the Bifrost Observatory are stars, the MCU shows IRL science onscreen that stars move due to the mass of black holes and gas clouds, the MCU shows IRL science onscreen that the Bifrost generates a black hole, and the official Disney+ audio description says the Bifrost generated a gas cloud.
1. In Thor 2, from timestamp 23:10 to 23:40, Thor and Heimdall straight up say that the white dots outside the Bifrost Observatory are stars, as the movie shows the stars. The official Disney+ audio description of the scene confirms this, saying: "Standing inside looking at the stars is Heimdall." It would be complete headcanon to claim that all these stars -- which Thor and Heimdall say are there, and that the movie Thor 2 shows onscreen, and that official Disney+ audio description of the scene confirms are stars -- were not present during the climax of Thor 1, which occurred in the exact same location of space. Thor 2 says and shows stars in the exact same area where the climax of Thor 1 occurred. So stars shown here in Thor 2 mean stars were shown in Thor 1.
2. MCU astrophysicist Jane Foster's research notes on the Bifrost in Thor 1 say "stellar velocity" at timestamp 1:14:53. That is a real term. "The stellar velocity dispersion of a galaxy essentially measures the random line-of-sight motion of stars due to a the presence of mass." So Thor 1 straight up acknowledges onscreen that Jane is studying the movement of stars due to gravity, in connection with the Bifrost. The fastest IRL stellar velocity of a star is 2,285 kilometers per second, which is a very tiny fraction of light speed, and the average distance between stars is 5 light years, so normal motion of stars would not be visible onscreen — more proof the stars in Thor 2 are the stars in Thor 1.
3. IRL, stellar velocity can be caused by a supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy, and by a giant gas cloud. In Thor 1, Jane defines the Bifrost as an Einstein-Rosen Bridge aka wormhole. IRL, that requires a black hole with many solar masses. In Thor 4, Jane's board at timestamp 33:58 about her Bifrost research (aka The Foster Theory that Selvig mentions to Fury in the after credits of Thor 1) shows the IRL Schwarzchild Radius formula for the mass of a black hole. SHIELD computers analyzing the Bifrost in Thor 1 at timestamp 1:17:15 show that it has "exotic matter" and "gravity," both of which require mass. The official Disney+ audio description for the climax of Thor 1 also straight up says Loki fell into a gas cloud. So we know for a fact that the Bifrost generates a black hole, gravity, mass, and gas clouds. Jane's statement in Thor 1 of "lensing around these edges" also means the Bifrost produces IRL gravitational lensing, which requires at least galaxy level mass since Asgard and Earth are not in the same galaxy.
4. Putting this all together, it is now impossible to factually claim that the white dots shown getting sucked into the Bifrost at the end of Thor 1 were not stars. In fact, here is absolute proof that the white dots outside the Bifrost Observatory are stars, that the Bifrost generates a black hole and a gas cloud, that black holes and gas clouds move stars through stellar velocity, and that the Bifrost generates stellar velocity on a MFTL scale across many light years of space when left open for too long.
5. As for Thor being nearly killed at Nidavellir, that is a special star, not a normal star. Selvig’s book in Thor 1 at timestamp 1:00:45 says the creation of Mjolnir caused a star to explode and almost take Earth with it. In Infinity War, at timestamp 1:11:18, Thor states that Nidavellir is the birthplace of Mjolnir. Nidavellir and Earth are in separate galaxies, and half a universe apart. That’s how powerful the star explosion was. Nidvallir also was powerful enough to create the Infinity Gauntlet, capable of harnessing the power of all six Infinity Stones, as well as Stormbreaker, capable of both summoning the Bifrost and overpowering the full IG energy beam. (Selvig’s book was right about the existence of Asgard, the Bifrost, Thor, Odin, Loki, Heimdall, and Balder — Balder mentioned in Loki S2 E3 at timestamp 10:02).
6. Now, recall Thor 1 director Kenneth Branagh's words in the director's commentary about the climax of the movie. Branagh identifies himself at timestamp 0:18 and he says the following at timestamp 1:36:36: “Two brothers whose conflict now is potentially liable to see the destruction of part or all of the universe but certainly Jotunheim.” Jotunheim, which is in another galaxy from Asgard.
7. Finally, that "gateway to another dimension" that Selvig mentioned to Fury at the end of Thor 1? It includes the higher dimension of Eternity, the living embodiment of the universe. This is the power of the Bifrost, which base level Thor tanked, and which Thor currently wields via Stormbreaker.