This small article came to be as I remembered reading about how once some rights contracts expired, the character was given not to Marvel Studios, but rather to the Marvel TV offices. And that got me thinking how many of these characters ended up being reinterpreted in these new adaptations.
The most famous of the bunch is of course, the Man Without Fear. While the movie featured Kingpin, Elektra and Bullseye together, the show had them prominently featured in Seasons 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Other appearances include Foggy, Wesley, Battlin' Jack Murdock, Josie and Karen Page. While Heather Glenn had a voice cameo, in the Defenders shows, Glenn Industries exists, meaning she might've existed.
The spinoff movie led by Elektra also had the Hand, Stick, Stone and Typhoid Mary (?), which appeared in Daredevil, Iron Fist and the Defenders.
However, Daredevil's movie isn't the only source of crossover with the Defenders. The Trial of the Incredible Hulk featured the best man, Turk Barrett.
Punisher is the other main movie star turn tv show lead, with Microchip and Jigsaw being the only two real characters to also appear in the show, besides his dead family.
Agents of SHIELD got two Hulk characters in the form of Absorbing Man and General Talbot. Both were part of (sorta) the Ang Lee movie, where Absorbing Man was merged with Bruce's father, and Talbot was just there. And then there's Ghost Rider. While the main Spirit of Vengeance was Robbie Reyes, Johnny Blaze makes an appearance.
We also technically got crossover characters with of all movies, Nick Fury: Agent of SHIELD, with Werner Von Strucker (in that movie merged with Andreas Von Strucker) and Madame Hydra (though technically she was called Viper, and was really Andrea Von Strucker, and Fox shared the rights to the character).
However, I think the most bizarre of them all is Morgan Le Fay, who last appeared in Doctor Stranger's made for TV movie.
Honorable mentions go to the characters who didn't get their own projects made until they appeared in Marvel TV, such as Iron Fist, Luke Cage, the Runaways, Jessica Jones, Cloak and Dagger, and that's pretty much it.
Missed anyone? Let me know