I know his telekinetic powers have roots in the comics, but just trying to find an in-universe explanation for it.
We know from The Avengers that Thanos gave Loki the Scepter, which housed the mind stone. So Thanos has had the mind stone in his possession long before the other stones. And we know from Age of Ultron that even HYDRA who had little knowledge of the infinity stones and their workings (compared to Thanos) were able to give superpowers to at least two individuals, one of whom has the exact same telekinetic powers as Maw, with the only difference being that when she uses her powers, she inadvertently makes all these red light effects too.
Could we say that Thanos used the mind stone to give powers to Maw, but because he knew how to do it right, Maw's powers didn't come with those scarlet lights?